CHINA administrative divisions provinces maps water invest autonomous regions municipalities government statistics information

Based on these three rough benchmarks, 17 of China’s 31 provinces and autonomous regions fall into the last two categories, also known as “threshold of chronic water shortage” and “threshold of absolute water shortage”. Note that the three suffering the worst absolute shortages – Tianjin, Beijing and Shanghai – are the country’s political and economic centres. WATER China Invest mainland beijing three gorges water irrigation investments board directors education collage graduated financial professor awards degree president civil engineer academy university technology science agriculture conservation enviroment research construction hydro USA listed public company NCVL venture equity stock markets. Political cost. Like other countries with water shortages, China is seeing a rise in inter- and intra-provincial water conflicts around relocations for large dam and water diversion projects. In the 12 years to 2002, the Ministry of Water Resources received 120,000 complaints of water conflicts. Latest numbers are not publicly available, but it is safe to assume from routine reports of environmental grievances, especially those on water shortages, in the People’s Daily, Xinhua News Agency, and China Daily that the problem has worsened because of falling groundwater tables and, worse, the biggest amount of industrial wastewater discharged in the world. (China’s industrial wastewater is more than the combined volume of Japan, the US and India.) There are thus rising legitimate fears that water conflicts caused by shortages and pollution – like corruption and the widening rich-poor gap – will evolve into a rallying point for domestic dissent. As early as in 2004, the World Bank issued an uncharacteristically harsh warning that China’s water crisis would “soon become unmanageable, with catastrophic consequences for future generations”.

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WATER China Invest mainland beijing three gorges water irrigation investments board directors education collage graduated financial professor awards degree president civil engineer academy university technology science agriculture conservation enviroment research construction hydro USA listed public company NCVL venture equity stock markets. Environment Minister, Qu Geping, said the country could supply sustainable water to only 650m people. In other words, China is supporting twice as many people as its water resources can reasonably sustain without drawing down groundwater and overusing surface water. China’s water shortage is a national and a global concern because it is most acute in northern China, especially in provinces in the catchment areas of the Yellow, Huai, and Hai rivers forming the “food basket” of China. These provinces are home to 47% of the country’s population, and have 65% of the cultivated land, but survive on 19% of the country’s water resources.

CHINA'S ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

China is administratively divided into 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 centrally administrative municipalities and 2 special administrative regions. Municipalities are directly under the administration of central government. A municipality has the same political, economical and jurisdictional rights as a province. The statistics of areas are from official information issued in mid 1997. (CHINA 1997, Published by New Star Publishers).

Map of China

     Anhui Province
     Area: 139,000 square kilometers
     Population: 60.70 millions
     Capital: Hefei
     Major Cities: Huangshan; Bengbu; Tongling; Ma'anshan

     Beijing
     Area: 16,800 square kilometers
     Population: 12.59 millions

     Chongqing (Municipality) (Newly Promoted as Municipality in 1997)
     Area: 82,000 square kilometers
     Population: 30.02 millions

     Fujian Province
     Area: 120,000 square kilometers
     Population: 32.61 millions
     Capital: Fuzhou
     Major Cities: Xiamen; Zhangzhou

     Gansu Province
     Area: 450,000 square kilometers
     Population: 24.67 millions
     Capital: Lanzhou
     Major Cities: Dunhuang; Jiayuguan; Jiayuguan

     Guangdong Province
     Area: 186,000 square kilometers
     Population: 69.61 millions
     Capital: Guangzhou
     Major Cities: Chaozhou; Dongguan; Shantou; Shenzhen; Shunde; Zhuhai

     Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
     Area: 236,300 square kilometers
     Population: 45.89 millions
     Capital: Nanning
     Major Cities: Beihai; Guilin; Liuzhou

     Guizhou Province
     Area: 170,000 square kilometers
     Population: 35.55 millions
     Capital: Guiyang
     Major Cities: Anshun; Zunyi

     Hainan Province
     Area: 34,000 square kilometers
     Population: 7.34 millions
     Capital: Haikou
     Major Cities: Sanya

     Hebei Province
     Area: 190,000 square kilometers
     Population: 64.84 millions
     Capital: Shijiazhuang
     M. Cities: Cangzhou; Chengde; Qinhuangdao

     Heilongjiang Province
     Area: 469,000 square kilometers
     Population: 37.28 millions
     Capital: Harbin
     Major Cities: Hailaer; Mohe; Mudanjiang; Qiqihar; Suifenhe

     Henan Province
     Area: 167,000 square kilometers
     Population: 91.72 millions
     Capital: Zhengzhou
     Major Cities: Anyang; Kaifeng; Luoyang; Sanmenxia

     Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR)
     Area: 1,092 square kilometers
     Population: 6.31 millions

     Hubei Province
     Area: 187,400 square kilometers
     Population: 58.25 millions
     Capital: Wuhan
     Major Cities: Huangshi; Shiyan; Shashi; Xiangfan; Yichang

     Hunan Province
     Area: 210,000 square kilometers
     Population: 64.28 millions
     Capital: Changsha
     Major Cities: Changde; Dayong; Hengyang; Xiangtan; Zhangjiajie

     Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
     Area: 1,183,000 square kilometers
     Population: 23.07 millions
     Capital: Hohhot
     Major Cities: Baotou; Chifeng; Wuhai

     Jiangsu Province
     Area: 102,600 square kilometers
     Population: 71.10 millions
     Capital: Nanjing
     Major Cities: Lianyungang; Xuzhou; Suzhou; Wuxi; Zhenjiang

     Jiangxi Province
     Area: 166,600 square kilometers
     Population: 41.05 millions
     Capital: Nanchang
     Major Cities: Jiujiang; Lushan; Jian, Jinggangshan

     Jilin Province
     Area: 187,000 square kilometers
     Population: 26.10 millions
     Capital: Changchun
     Major Cities: Jilin; Tuman; Yanji

     Liaoning Province
     Area: 145,700 square kilometers
     Population: 41.16 millions
     Capital: Shenyang
     Major Cities: Dalian; Dandong; Anshan, Wafangdian

     Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
     Area: 66,400 square kilometers
     Population: 5.21 millions
     Capital: Yinchuan
     Major Cities: Shizuishan

     Qinghai Province
     Area: 720,000 square kilometers
     Population: 4.88 millions
     Capital: Xining

     Shaanxi Province
     Area: 205,000 square kilometers
     Population: 35.43 millions
     Capital: Xi'an
     Major Cities: Xianyang; Baoji; Hanzhong

     Shandong Province
     Area: 153,000 square kilometers
     Population: 87.38 millions
     Capital: Jinan
     Major Cities: Dezhou; Linyi; Qingdao;Qufu; Tai'an; Yantai

     Shanghai (Municipality)
     Area: 6,200 square kilometers
     Population: 14.19 millions

     Shanxi Province
     Area: 156,000 square kilometers
     Population: 31.09 millions
     Capital: Taiyuan
     Major Cities: Datong; Linfen; Yangquan

     Sichuan Province
     Area: 488,000 square kilometers
     Population: 84.28 millions
     Capital: Chengdu
     Major Cities: Emeishan; Zigong; Daxianshi

     Taiwan Province
     Area: 36,000 square kilometers
     Population: 21.30 millions
     Major Cities: Taipei; Gaoxiong; Tainan; Xinzhu

     Tianjin (Municipality)
     Area: 11,300 square kilometers
     Population: 9.48 millions

     Tibet Autonomous Region
     Area: 1,220,000 square kilometers
     Population: 2.44 millions
     Capital: Lhasa
     Major Cities: Xigaze

     Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
     Area: 1,600,000 square kilometers
     Population: 16.89 millions
     Capital: Urumqi
     Major Cities: Kashgar; Turfan

     Yunnan Province
     Area: 394,000 square kilometers
     Population: 40.42 millions
     Capital: Kunming
     Major Cities: Dali; Simao; Xishuangbanna

     Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR)
     Area: 23.8 square kilometers
     Population: 435,000

     Zhejiang Province
     Area: 101,800 square kilometers
     Population: 43.43 millions
     Capital: Hangzhou
     Major Cities: Jiaxing; Ningbo; Shaoxing; Wenzhou

Map of China

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It has been estimated that China’s agricultural sector is bearing the brunt of water shortage – 30 bcm of the 40 bcm shortage. The lack of water hits 20m hectares of farmland, cutting gain yield by 10m to 25m tonnes, or 2-5% of its 2005 grain output of 480m tonnes. In years when serious droughts aggravate the water shortage – China this year is seeing its worst drought in more than 50 years – the gain yield loss could be at least twice as high at 50m tonnes – more than 10% of its 2005 grain output. (International studies have estimated that 1,000 cm of water is needed to produce one tonne of grain, but in China, because of inefficient water use, 1333 cm is used.) That suggests continuing water shortage will tear down a key tenet of the country’s commitment to maintaining 95% self-sufficiency in grain. China wants to raise its annual grain output capacity to about 500m tonnes by 2010, a key target for building a new socialist countryside. It is a challenge to maintain this target as the population continues to surge, farmland continues to shrink and water supply remains inadequate, especially as droughts occur more often these days and last longer. (On 24 August, China Daily reported that the worst drought in 50 years in Sichuan resulted in a loss of 5m tonnes of grain.) The current scenario is not helped by the fact that China is a wasteful water consumer, as it is with other scarce resources. It uses 7-15x more water to produce a unit of GDP than the developed countries. In China, one tonne of water generates only up to US$3 of GDP, whereas in the US, the GDP number is 10 times. In other words, the writing on the wall is clear for China: If it does not quickly learn to live within its aqueous means, it will go hungry as well as thirsty. And so will the rest of the world, as this means massive Chinese grain imports, which will push up grain prices. High grain prices, in turn, means more poor people will go hungry.